23.54
Unknown
Adverbial
clause
Def : sub clausa yang difungsikan sebagai
adverb
Posisi : initial, midle, final
Pola : S+V Complek
conjunction S+V e.g : vivi
sleeps after he plays game
Complek
conjunction S+V S+V e.g : if you help me I will help you
S, Complek Conjunction, V e.g
: she, as I think,is her daughter
Kinds :
1. AVC of condition
Def :
Avc yang menyatakan syarat terjadinya suatu peristiwa
#adverbial
clausa ini merupakan Sub Clause dari conditional sentence
Conj :
if I see him, I’ll invite him to our
party tomorrow
Even
if I had known about the meeting I couldn’t havecome
Unless
it rains , we’ll go to the beach tomorrow
In the even that, in
case, provided, on condition, Suppose that, etc….
Abridgment : subjek dan kata kerja
be boleh dihilangkan.
Eg : If (it is) a success, the
experiment could lead the way to many others.
If (he is) still alive, he must be at
least ninetyyears
2. Avc of manner
Def :
Avc yang menyatakan cara melakukan suatu pekerjaan
# avc ini
berkaitan dengan conditional subjunctive.
Conj :
They all treat him as if he
were a king.
He walked around As though he was in a daze.
She always does as her husband tells her.
Abridgment :
e.g : He were The room As though (he were)
angry.
He opened his mouth as if ( he were )to
speak
3. Avc of comparison
Def :
Avc yang menyatakan tingkat perbandingan
#avc of
comparison merupakan degree of comparison
Kinds : 1.positive degree (
DOC yang membandingkan antara dua hal yang setara)
Conj : as +
adj/adv…as
The new
machine is just as efficient as the
old one (was)
The new
machine works just as effeciently as the old one (did)
2.superlative degree ( DOC yang membandingkan
antara lebih dari dua hal yang tidak setara)
Conj : adj or
adv + er…….than / more+ adj or adv…..than
The new machine is more efficient than the old one (was).
The new
machine works more effeciently than
the old one (did).
Less + Adj/adv…….Than
The new
machine is less expensive than the
old one was
4. AVC of reason
Def :
AVC yang menyatakan alasan.
Conj :
asli Conj - ( just/only) because -on the ground that
- as -
for the simple that
-
As (so) long as -
in the respect that
-
in as much as -
on the more that
-
since -
now that
-
whereas
Prep
+ The fact that due to the fact that
Owning to the fact that
In the view of the fact that
Because of the fact that
Dari participle Being that
Considering
that
Taking
into consideration the fact that
J Peringkasan : Abridgment à conj , S + V => since+ Ving
Reducing à Conj,
s + V=> Ving / To Inf
# Syarat-syarat à Subjek MC = subject SC
Tidak terdapat modal murni pada SC
e.g : Ajir is looking for love
because of he is single now
Ajir is looking for love because of the fact that he is single
Abridgment : Ajir is looking for
love since being single now
Reducing : Being single now, Ajir is
looking for love
To be single now Ajir is looking for love
5. AVC of purpose
Def : AVC yang menyatakan tujuan
Kinds : a) Positive purpose
Conj : 1. Asli conj à so that in order that to
the end that in the hope that
2.Prepositionà For the purpose of + Objek of
preposisi
b) Negativ purpose
Conj
: Lest,for fear that
Ciri- ciri AVC of purpose : -dalam sc terdapat modal murni
-Tenses
sc tidak boleh lebih lampau dari tenses MC/(S.Pr)-SC/(S.Pr)(S.F) MC/(S.Ps)-SC/(S.Pr)(S.F)(S.Ps)
#peringkasan
Abridgment à Form = conj + S +V àTo Inf
Hasil
= in order + to inf
Reducingà Conj
+ S + To Inf
Hasil=
To inf
Syarat-syarat abridgment
dan reducing dalam avc of purpose :
·
Subjek
SC = Subjek MC
·
Dalam
SC Terdapat Modal Murni (can, May, Will)
·
Conj
hanya dalam positive purpose
·
Khusus
abridgment Conj kembali ke In order that
e.g :
Winda hides behind the door, lest she can be found by her boy friend
Abridgment = 0
Reducing = 0
6. AVC of
contrast
Def : AVC yang menyatakan
pertentangan
Kinds :
a) Adversative contrast (
pertentangan yang kuat )
Conj
: Where While When Whereas
e.g
: Vivi is very fat, while Ajir is slim
b) Concessive Contrast
Conj
: 1) asli Conj : although, though,
even though, albeit
2)
berasal dari participle : Granted, granting, conceded (that), admitted (that)
3)
Preposition : despite, in spite of, regardless of, notwithstanding
Abridgment
Form :
Connj + S + V
Hasil :
Although + Ving/ V3
Syarat- syarat abridgment AVC of
contrast :
·
SubjekMC
= Subjek SC
·
Dalam
SC tidak terdapat modal murni
·
Conj
: semua kembali ke Although
e.g :
although he is clever, he keep studying hard.
abr :
Although being clever, he keeps studying hard.
7. AVC of result
Def : Avc yang menyatakan hasil
dari suatu peristiwa.
Conj : a) Single conj à so that, so much so that, by that, but that,
with the result that
b) Split
Conj à
So + Adj/Adv + That
Such
+ a/an + adj + N.C.sing + that
Such+
adj +Nu / N.C.Pl + that
Peringkasan
: abridgment dan reducing
Singl
conj : reducing : conj + s +
v menghasilkan TO inf
Split Conj : abridgment : Conj + S + V menjadi So/such…that as to inf
Reducing : Conj ( So adj/adv that) + S + V menjadi Too adj/adv to
inf
Syarat-syarat abridgment dan
reducing pada AVC of Result :
·
Subjek
SC = Subjek MC
·
Dalam
SC tidak terdapat Modal murni
8. AVC of place
Deef :
AVC yang menyatakan tempat terjadinya suatu peristiwa
Conj : a) Asli Conj :Where, Wherever
b) Adv
+ That à
everywhere that,
anywhere
that
Everyplace
that
Eny
place that
Nowhere
that
No place that
C) Correlative place à where…there
Peringkasan : abridgment
Form
: Conj + S + V
Hasil
: Wherever + Ving
Syarat abridgment :
·
Subjek
SC = Subjek MC
·
Dalam
SC tidak terdapat modal murni
·
SC
umumnya berupa kalimat verbal
·
Conj
: Wherever
e.g : he always
comes wherever working.
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