Kamis, 23 Mei 2013


A.Definition  
Modal is type of  auxiliary verb.The modal auxiliaries are can,could,may,might,should,had better,must,will,would.Modal auxiliaries generally express speaker’s attitudes.For example,modals can express that a speaker feels something is necessary,advisable,permissible,possible or probably,etc.Most of the modals have more than one meaning.
B.Kinds
The Kinds of modal
v  Basic Modal :
 Can,could,may,might,should,had better,must,will,shall, and would are followed by the simple form of a verb.

Word order : Modal + B I (Bare infinitive).

v  Phrasal Modal:
Phrasal modals are common expressions whose meaning are similar to those of some of the modal auxiliaries.Example : Be able to is similar to can and could , be going to is similar to will and would, have to and have got to similar to must,be supposed to similar to could , be allowed to similar to may,and the last is used to.

Word order :  Modal +  an infinitive ( to + the simple form of a verb ).

Note :

v  The main verb (specially for basic modal ) are not followed by “to”:
Correct    : I can speak English .
Incorrect : I can to speak English.

v  The main verb never has a final –s.
Correct    : Ady can speak English.
Incorrect : Ady can speaks English.
Ady can  doesn’t  speak English.
Ady can did speak  English.

v  So: The main verb immediatetly by the simple form of verb.
Exception  : Have,have got,ought and phrasal modal.
C.Function
1) can
Use
Examples
ability to do in the present or future (substitute form: to be able to)
I Can understand abaut English
permission to do in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)
Can I go to the cinema?
Request
Can you wait a moment, please?
Offer
I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
Suggestion
Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
Possibility
It can get very hot in Arizona.
2) could
Use
Examples
ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to)
I could understand abaut  English.
permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to)
I could go to the cinema.
polite question *
Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request *
Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer *
I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion *
Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility *
It could get very hot in Montana.
3) may
Use
Examples
Possibility
It may rain today.
permission to do . in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to)
May I go to the cinema?
polite suggestion
May I help you?
4) might
Use
Examples
possibility (less possible than may) *
It might rain today.
hesitant offer *
Might I help you?
5) must
Use
Examples
force, necessity
I must go to the supermarket today.
Possibility
You must be tired.
advice, recommendation
You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.
6) must not/may not
Use
Examples
Prohibition
You mustn't work on dad's computer.
You may not work on dad's computer.
7) Had better
Use
Example

Advisability
You had better  take care of it.
8) ought to
Use
Examples
Advice
You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
Obligation
You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.
9) shall
instead of will in the 1st person
Use
 Examples
Suggestion
Shall I carry your bag?




10) should
Use
Examples
Advice
You should drive carefully in bad weather.
Obligation
You should switch off the light when you leave the room.


11) will
Use
Examples
wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would)
Will you please shut the door?
prediction,
I think it will rain on Friday.
Promise
I will stop smoking.
spontaneous decision
Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will.
Habits
She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking.
12) would
Use
Examples
wish, request (more polite than will)
Would you shut the door, please?
habits in the past
Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.


13).be suppose to
Use
Examples
Expectation
 class is suppose to at 10.00
.

14) Have to
Use
Examples
necessity
I have to go to class today

15) Have got to
Use
Examples
Necessity
I have got to go to class today

16) be going to

Use
Examples
Certainty
He is going to be here 06.00

.


















               

References
Azar ,Betty Schrampfer. 1941-
Fundamental of English grammar/Betty Schrampfer Azar.-2nd ed .
Azar ,Betty Schrampfer. 1998-
Understanding English Grammar/Betty Schrampfer Azar .-3 rded.
Arsyad,Azhar. 2011-
            Dasar – dasar Penguasaan Bahasa Inggris Melalui Your Basic Vocabulary.
Oxford University Press.2008-
            Learner’s Pocket Dictionary.-4thed.
Anonymous.1994-
            The Evolution of Grammar, Univ. of Chicago Press.(online) .http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbmodal.htm.Date acces on February 20,2012.













 






Test Modals I
1).Aurora has to go to the airport.She ... walk to the airport.It’s too far.
a)      Is able to
b)      Couldn’t
c)      Can
d)     Can not

2).Look at those dark clouds .It …….any minute.

a)      Can start being rain
b)      Could start raining
c)      Could start being rain
d)     Can start raining

3).You Must ….memorize tha all of  word of your basic vocabulary.

a)       Be going to
b)      Be able to
c)      Have got to
d)     Supposed to

4).The gas tank is almost empty.We ….stop at the next service station.

a)      Should
b)      Ought to
c)      Had better
d)     Shall

5).You … be lazy,because time is very important for us

a)      Ought not to
b)      Shouldn’t
c)      Had not better
d)     Must not

6).If you want to become a doctor .You…..go to medical school for many years.

a)      Had better
b)      Should
c)      Ought to
d)     Must

7).Jack ……….to call me last night.i wonder why he didn’t.

a)      Be supposed
b)      Is supposed
c)      Was supposed
d)     Has supposed
8).I …….Open the window?.Is that okay with you?
a)   May
b)   Shall
c).  Will
d).  Can
9)  I…… forget hin two years ago.
a)   Have to
b)   Must
c)    Had to
d).    Have got to
10) The soup is too hot.You….eat it yet.Wait for it to cool.
a)    Cannot
b)    Oughtn’t
c)     Musn’t
d)     May not

Test Modal II
1).You can not Buy a screwdriver at a hardware store yesterday.
2).The sky maybe cloudy.It will rain tomorrow
3).May you please lend that money for my lovely frend?
4).You had not better be late!.If you are late,you will get into a lot of trouble.
5).Tom isn’t going to be able help you tomorrow.


Good Luck






















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